Bhitarkanika National Park
Introduction to Bhitarkanika National Park
Bhitarkanika National Park is a unique and biodiverse ecosystem located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha, India. Famous for its rich mangrove forests, estuarine crocodiles, and diverse wildlife, this national park is a paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. It is often referred to as the “Mini Amazon of India.”
It is the second-largest mangrove ecosystem in India, after the Sundarbans in West Bengal. This national park is a vital hub for environmental conservation, protecting rare wildlife and marine species.
Mangroves are a type of coastal vegetation found in tropical and subtropical regions. These unique forests grow in saline and brackish waters, creating a rich habitat for various plants and animals.
Why is Bhitarkanika Important for Mangroves?
Mangroves plays a crucial role in Bhitarkanika National Park by supporting the ecosystem, wildlife, and environmental protection. It has more than 60 species of mangrove trees, making it one of the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in India.
The park plays a crucial role in coastal protection, preventing erosion and acting as a natural barrier against cyclones and tidal waves. The mangrove ecosystem supports a wide variety of marine and terrestrial species, including fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Bhitarkanika National Park Location and Geography
Bhitarkanika National Park is situated in the eastern coastal region of Odisha, covering an area of approximately 145 square kilometers. It is part of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, which spreads over 672 square kilometers. The park is crisscrossed by numerous rivers, estuaries, and tidal creeks, making it a thriving habitat for various species of flora and fauna.
Best Time to Visit Bhitarkanika National Park
The best time to visit Bhitarkanika National Park is between November and February, when the weather is pleasant, and the chances of spotting wildlife are higher. The park remains closed during the monsoon season (May to August) due to heavy rainfall and high water levels.
Flora and Fauna of Bhitarkanika
Flora
Bhitarkanika is home to one of the largest mangrove ecosystems in India, with over 55 species of mangroves. Some of the prominent species include:
- Sundari (Heritiera fomes)
- Bani (Avicennia officinalis)
- Guan (Excoecaria agallocha)
- Khalsa (Aegiceras corniculatum)
Fauna
The national park is known for its diverse wildlife, including:
- Saltwater Crocodiles: Bhitarkanika has the largest population of saltwater crocodiles in India, including some that are over 20 feet long.
- Birds: More than 320 species of birds have been recorded, including migratory birds like Asian Openbill Stork, Black-crowned Night Heron, and Kingfishers.
- Mammals: The park is home to spotted deer, wild boars, fishing cats, otters, and jackals.
- Reptiles: Apart from crocodiles, the park has Indian python, king cobra, water monitor lizard, and various other reptilian species.
How to Reach Bhitarkanika National Park
By Air:
The nearest airport is Biju Patnaik International Airport (BBI) in Bhubaneswar, which is about 160 km from the park. From there, visitors can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Bhitarkanika.
By Train:
The closest railway station is Bhadrak Railway Station (85 km away). From Bhadrak, travelers can take a taxi or bus to reach the entry points of Bhitarkanika.
By Road:
Bhitarkanika is well connected by road from major cities in Odisha. Visitors can reach Khola or Gupti (the main entry points) via buses or private taxis from Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, or Bhadrak.
Entry Fees and Timings
- Entry Fee: ₹40 per person (for Indians), ₹100 per person (for foreigners)
- Boat Charges: ₹3000 – ₹5000 (depending on the route and boat type)
- Visiting Hours: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM
Distances from Bhitarkanika National Park
The following table highlights the distances from Bhitarkanika to major nearby locations:
| Location | Distance (km) | Mode of Transport |
|---|---|---|
| Bhubaneswar | 160 | Road (Bus/Taxi) |
| Cuttack | 140 | Road (Bus/Taxi) |
| Bhadrak | 85 | Road (Bus/Taxi) |
| Kolkata | 370 | Train/Road |
| Puri | 200 | Road (Bus/Taxi) |
| Gahirmatha Beach | 35 | Boat/Road |
Things to Do in Bhitarkanika National Park
1. Boat Safari:
One of the best ways to explore the park is by taking a boat safari through its rivers and creeks, offering a chance to spot crocodiles, birds, and other wildlife.
2. Bird Watching:
Winter is the best time for birdwatching, as migratory birds flock to the park. The Bagagahana heronry is a famous bird-watching site.
3. Trekking and Nature Walks:
Nature lovers can enjoy guided walks and trekking through the dense mangrove forests.
4. Visit Dangamal Crocodile Sanctuary:
This sanctuary is home to the crocodile breeding and research center, where visitors can learn about the conservation efforts for these reptiles.
5. Explore Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary:
Located near Bhitarkanika, Gahirmatha Beach is famous for its Olive Ridley Sea Turtle nesting during winter.
6 Accommodation Options Near Bhitarkanika
Several eco-resorts, forest rest houses, and homestays are available for tourists. Some popular options include:
- Bhitarkanika Nature Camps (Run by Odisha Forest Department)
- Dangamal Forest Rest House
- Private eco-resorts in Gupti and Rajnagar
Travel Tips for Bhitarkanika National Park
- Book boat safaris in advance, especially during peak season.
- Carry binoculars for birdwatching and wildlife spotting.
- Wear light, comfortable clothes and sturdy shoes for trekking.
- Avoid littering and respect the park’s natural ecosystem.
- Follow the guidelines issued by the forest department for a safe and responsible visit.
Final Thoughts
Bhitarkanika National Park is a hidden gem for nature lovers, offering a unique blend of rich biodiversity, stunning mangrove landscapes, and thrilling wildlife encounters. Whether you’re a wildlife photographer, birdwatcher, or adventure seeker, this national park is a must-visit destination in Odisha. Plan your trip and explore the wild beauty of Bhitarkanika today!